Protected areas as a space for pandemic disease adaptation: A case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.
Identifieur interne : 000003 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000002; suivant : 000004Protected areas as a space for pandemic disease adaptation: A case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.
Auteurs : Anson T H. Ma [Hong Kong] ; Theresa W L. Lam [Hong Kong] ; Lewis T O. Cheung [Hong Kong] ; Lincoln Fok [Hong Kong]Source :
- Landscape and urban planning [ 0169-2046 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
As COVID-19 has swept across the world, governments have been prompted to order social distancing measures, from the closure of schools, restaurants and public facilities to quarantines and lockdowns. Access to and contact with nature have been suggested to help combat impacts associated with isolation measures, and a coincidental surge in the number of visitors to country parks in Hong Kong has recently been observed. The current study sought to explore the visitation of country parks as an adaptation to COVID-19 by employing the socio-psychological model of precautionary adaptation (SPMPA). Questionnaire surveys were administered in 12 country parks in Hong Kong, and a total of 600 samples were collected. A conceptual model based on the SPMPA was proposed and tested through multiple regression analysis. Significant associations between perceived severity, threat experience and adaptative behaviour were found, suggesting the possible risks of visiting country parks. However, the relationships among perceived adaptation efficacy, adaptation cost and reliance on public adaptation implied that the adaptative benefits of visiting country parks may outweigh the risks when proper visitor management measures are implemented. The findings highlighted the importance of providing accessible protected areas or other types of nature-based spaces to facilitate the adaptation of people to disease outbreaks in both the short and long run.
DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103994
PubMed: 33223587
PubMed Central: PMC7670935
Affiliations:
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Lam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Lewis T O" sort="Cheung, Lewis T O" uniqKey="Cheung L" first="Lewis T O" last="Cheung">Lewis T O. Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fok, Lincoln" sort="Fok, Lincoln" uniqKey="Fok L" first="Lincoln" last="Fok">Lincoln Fok</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33223587</idno><idno type="pmid">33223587</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103994</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7670935</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000028</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000028</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Protected areas as a space for pandemic disease adaptation: A case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.</title><author><name sortKey="Ma, Anson T H" sort="Ma, Anson T H" uniqKey="Ma A" first="Anson T H" last="Ma">Anson T H. Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography and Resources Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geography and Resources Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Theresa W L" sort="Lam, Theresa W L" uniqKey="Lam T" first="Theresa W L" last="Lam">Theresa W L. Lam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Lewis T O" sort="Cheung, Lewis T O" uniqKey="Cheung L" first="Lewis T O" last="Cheung">Lewis T O. Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fok, Lincoln" sort="Fok, Lincoln" uniqKey="Fok L" first="Lincoln" last="Fok">Lincoln Fok</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The Education University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Landscape and urban planning</title><idno type="ISSN">0169-2046</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">As COVID-19 has swept across the world, governments have been prompted to order social distancing measures, from the closure of schools, restaurants and public facilities to quarantines and lockdowns. Access to and contact with nature have been suggested to help combat impacts associated with isolation measures, and a coincidental surge in the number of visitors to country parks in Hong Kong has recently been observed. The current study sought to explore the visitation of country parks as an adaptation to COVID-19 by employing the socio-psychological model of precautionary adaptation (SPMPA). Questionnaire surveys were administered in 12 country parks in Hong Kong, and a total of 600 samples were collected. A conceptual model based on the SPMPA was proposed and tested through multiple regression analysis. Significant associations between perceived severity, threat experience and adaptative behaviour were found, suggesting the possible risks of visiting country parks. However, the relationships among perceived adaptation efficacy, adaptation cost and reliance on public adaptation implied that the adaptative benefits of visiting country parks may outweigh the risks when proper visitor management measures are implemented. The findings highlighted the importance of providing accessible protected areas or other types of nature-based spaces to facilitate the adaptation of people to disease outbreaks in both the short and long run.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33223587</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0169-2046</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>207</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Mar</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Landscape and urban planning</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Landsc Urban Plan</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Protected areas as a space for pandemic disease adaptation: A case of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>103994</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103994</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>As COVID-19 has swept across the world, governments have been prompted to order social distancing measures, from the closure of schools, restaurants and public facilities to quarantines and lockdowns. Access to and contact with nature have been suggested to help combat impacts associated with isolation measures, and a coincidental surge in the number of visitors to country parks in Hong Kong has recently been observed. The current study sought to explore the visitation of country parks as an adaptation to COVID-19 by employing the socio-psychological model of precautionary adaptation (SPMPA). Questionnaire surveys were administered in 12 country parks in Hong Kong, and a total of 600 samples were collected. A conceptual model based on the SPMPA was proposed and tested through multiple regression analysis. Significant associations between perceived severity, threat experience and adaptative behaviour were found, suggesting the possible risks of visiting country parks. However, the relationships among perceived adaptation efficacy, adaptation cost and reliance on public adaptation implied that the adaptative benefits of visiting country parks may outweigh the risks when proper visitor management measures are implemented. The findings highlighted the importance of providing accessible protected areas or other types of nature-based spaces to facilitate the adaptation of people to disease outbreaks in both the short and long run.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ma</LastName><ForeName>Anson T H</ForeName><Initials>ATH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography and Resources Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lam</LastName><ForeName>Theresa W L</ForeName><Initials>TWL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cheung</LastName><ForeName>Lewis T O</ForeName><Initials>LTO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fok</LastName><ForeName>Lincoln</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Landsc Urban Plan</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101087690</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0169-2046</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Adaptation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Maladaptation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Protected area</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Resilience</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>35</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33223587</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103994</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0169-2046(20)31478-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7670935</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
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